Figure 8
From: Local immunization impacts the response of dairy cows to Escherichia coli mastitis
Indicators of inflammation and immune response in milk. Milk concentration of BSA, C5a, CXCL3, CXCL8, lactoferrin (LTF), serum amyloid A (SAA) and different cytokines in milk upon intramammary challenge in first-lactation heifers from the three treatment groups: adjuvant only (black circles), intramuscular injections (blue squares), intramuscular and intramammary injections (red triangles). Means and error bars corresponding to standard errors of the mean for each treatment group at each sample point are presented. Letters (a,b,c) within hours indicate a difference (P < 0.05, Two-way ANOVA and/or Mann Whitney test) between control and IM groups, control and IMM groups, and IM and IMM groups respectively. Asterisk indicate a difference (P < 0.05, Two-way ANOVA and/or Mann Whitney test) between immunization groups.
