Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Foragers of sympatric Asian honey bee species intercept competitor signals by avoiding benzyl acetate from Apis cerana alarm pheromone

Figure 5

At natural inflorescences, other honey bee species (A. dorsata and A. florea), can detect and avoid A. cerana alarm pheromone components. (A) Effect of compound quantity on forager avoidance at Calliandra haematocephala inflorescences. Different letters show significant differences as compared to the blank control (P < 0.05). (B) Effect of different test compounds on the ratio of A. cerana (Ac) and A. florea (Af ) foragers choosing to forage at Phoenix dactylifera inflorescences after treatment. Ac sting and Af sting are natural sting gland extracts (1 eq). All other compounds were tested at 5 to 10 A. cerana eq. There were no significant differences between A. cerana and A. florea. If bees avoid the test compound, the ratio < 1. Significant differences between bars or groups of bars are shown with different letters, Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05). Means and standard errors are shown.

Back to article page