Figure 5
From: Density-wave fronts on the brink of wet granular condensation
(a) A sketch illustrating the collapse of wet granular particles as they are being compressed by the upward moving container. (b) Further collapse of particles leads to a locally jammed region with reduced mobility, an influx of surrounding particles, and subsequently DWFs propagating outwards in the horizontal direction. (c) Top-view snapshots showing the initialization process of a DWF from the rim of the container driven at f = 90 Hz and Γ = 55.7. The dashed curve corresponds to a concentric arch of radius \(R\sqrt{2}\). The green curves, which highlight the fronts, are guides to the eyes. (d) A schematic showing a front (dark gray region) propagating one step further (from solid to dashed lines) with various definitions. dS a and dS b denote the gained and lost area of the propagating front in comparison to a rectangle of the same area.
