Figure 3

Efficiency and robustness of the Tennis Racket Effect pulses. The figure of merit J 3 is plotted as a function of the α and δ parameters. In the panels (a–d), k is respectively fixed to 0.2, 0.6, 0.9 and 0.99. The parameter \(\epsilon \) is set to 0.01 (see Supplementary Sec. II for details).