Figure 2

Representative TEM images of the CNDs dispersion, which were generated via hydrothermal treatment of E. prolifera at 150 °C for 3 h (A), 180 °C for 3 h (B), 180 °C for 6 h (C), respectively. HRTEM image (inset of C), the particle size distribution calculated based on TEM image (E), AFM topography image on silicon substrate, (E) and corresponding height profile, (F) of the CNDs prepared via hydrothermal treatment of E. prolifera at 180 °C for 6 h.