Table 2 The effect of different seed pelleting formulae with various pelleting times on seedling growth parameters of direct-seeded rice under waterlogging conditions (1.5 cm water layer) at 8 DAS in Experiment 1.

Naked seed

0

4.89 ± 0.10 efg

6.50 ± 0.31 bc

14.67 ± 0.59 d

8.08 ± 0.92 e

Pelleting Formula 1

0

1:1

4.28 ± 0.35 g

6.36 ± 0.23 c

13.64 ± 0.97 d

9.68 ± 0.85 de

0

3:1

4.64 ± 0.30 fg

6.03 ± 0.96 c

14.10 ± 0.89 d

7.72 ± 0.68 e

0

5:1

5.37 ± 0.16 e

6.43 ± 0.39 c

15.02 ± 0.64 d

8.67 ± 0.79 e

0

7:1

5.22 ± 0.29 ef

6.40 ± 0.58 c

16.33 ± 1.10 d

8.93 ± 0.62 e

10%

1:1

8.14 ± 0.19 d

7.16 ± 0.95 bc

29.80 ± 0.68 c

11.64 ± 1.16 cd

10%

3:1

9.23 ± 0.30 c

8.13 ± 0.49 ab

29.96 ± 1.11 c

13.26 ± 0.30 bc

10%

5:1

10.42 ± 0.20 b

9.42 ± 0.29 a

35.21 ± 0.94 b

15.12 ± 0.75 b

10%

7:1

11.69 ± 0.32 a

9.42 ± 0.13 a

41.73 ± 2.15 a

19.07 ± 1.11 a

Naked seed

0

4.89 ± 0.10 d

6.50 ± 0.31 de

14.67 ± 0.59 d

8.08 ± 0.92 c

Pelleting Formula 2

0

1:1

4.53 ± 0.35 d

6.16 ± 0.30 ef

13.60 ± 1.47 d

8.24 ± 1.15 c

0

3:1

5.12 ± 0.19 d

5.48 ± 0.18 f

13.84 ± 0.75 d

6.88 ± 0.80 c

0

5:1

5.00 ± 0.12 d

5.90 ± 0.25 ef

14.03 ± 0.44 d

8.30 ± 0.42 c

0

7:1

6.42 ± 0.25 c

6.55 ± 0.55 de

21.05 ± 0.80 c

12.60 ± 0.80 b

10%

1:1

7.23 ± 0.42 c

7.15 ± 0.45 d

26.88 ± 0.68 b

13.60 ± 0.61 b

10%

3:1

8.89 ± 0.42 b

8.13 ± 0.42 c

27.59 ± 2.29 b

13.71 ± 0.84 b

10%

5:1

10.25 ± 0.20 a

10.10 ± 0.23 a

34.67 ± 1.76 a

17.12 ± 1.29 a

10%

7:1

11.26 ± 0.67 a

9.17 ± 0.11 b

38.49 ± 3.27 a

18.76 ± 1.30 a

Naked seed

0

4.89 ± 0.10 de

6.50 ± 0.31 b

14.67 ± 0.59 e

8.08 ± 0.92 de

Pelleting Formula 3

0

1:1

4.85 ± 0.21 de

5.56 ± 0.30 b

13.59 ± 1.30 e

8.06 ± 0.23 de

0

3:1

4.60 ± 0.26 e

5.66 ± 0.50 b

13.49 ± 1.66 e

6.56 ± 0.59 e

0

5:1

4.92 ± 0.24 de

6.44 ± 0.47 b

15.04 ± 1.54 de

8.63 ± 1.44 cde

0

7:1

5.76 ± 0.42 d

6.22 ± 0.75 b

19.03 ± 1.35 d

10.87 ± 1.09 cd

10%

1:1

7.61 ± 0.48 c

6.64 ± 0.41 b

26.18 ± 2.92 c

11.96 ± 2.14 bc

10%

3:1

8.47 ± 0.34 c

9.22 ± 0.25 a

27.60 ± 1.08 c

15.73 ± 0.54 a

10%

5:1

9.95 ± 0.56 b

9.72 ± 0.61 a

33.11 ± 0.59 b

15.22 ± 1.29 ab

10%

7:1

11.52 ± 0.27 a

9.96 ± 0.27 a

40.32 ± 1.71 a

18.44 ± 2.04 a

Naked seed

0

4.89 ± 0.10 e

6.50 ± 0.31 bc

14.67 ± 0.59 c

8.08 ± 0.92 c

Pelleting Formula 4

0

1:1

4.85 ± 0.19 e

5.47 ± 0.27 c

13.91 ± 1.69 c

6.91 ± 0.16 c

0

3:1

4.66 ± 0.20 e

5.38 ± 0.31 c

13.47 ± 0.70 c

6.95 ± 0.16 c

0

5:1

5.39 ± 0.36 de

6.59 ± 0.38 bc

15.60 ± 0.92 c

9.82 ± 0.61 bc

0

7:1

5.87 ± 0.03 d

7.57 ± 0.67 b

17.93 ± 2.67 c

11.79 ± 0.21 b

10%

1:1

6.98 ± 0.68 c

7.12 ± 0.61 b

23.25 ± 2.18 b

12.37 ± 1.79 b

10%

3:1

7.75 ± 0.35 c

7.64 ± 0.13 b

26.08 ± 1.87 b

12.77 ± 1.13 b

10%

5:1

10.42 ± 0.05 b

9.88 ± 0.69 a

36.02 ± 0.88 a

17.40 ± 1.27 a

10%

7:1

11.31 ± 0.33 a

9.97 ± 0.54 a

37.93 ± 1.72 a

16.89 ± 1.38 a

ns

ns

ns

ns

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

*

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

**

**

**

*

ns

ns

ns

ns