Figure 1

The preparation and characterization of pre-aged cells and fabrication of respective synthetic tissues. (A) Senescence marker staining, (B) the senescent cell percent, and (C) DNA damage in pre-aged and young cells. (D) The schematic of fabrication and staining, and (E) the day 1 live/dead (top row) and dead cell staining (bottom row) (dead, red = ethidium homodimer-1; live, green = calcein-AM) images of 1 K (day 1), 10 K (day 6), and 100 K (day 8) chronologically aged tissue constructs. (F) The cell-cell distance distributions, of the chronologically aged synthetic tissues with 1 K, 10 K, and 100 K population densities (red dot represents the average cell-cell distance). (Scale bars = 100 µm for live/dead images and inset images, and 200 µm for dead cell images).