Figure 2

OX40L treatment leads to expansion of functional Tregs in vivo. NOD mice were injected i.p. with either PBS or OX40L three times (200 µg/mouse/week). One week after the last treatment, mice were euthanized and cells were collected for analysis. (a) Representative dot plots (left) and bar graphs (right) show Foxp3 and CD39 expression in spleen and PLN. (b) Representative dot plots (left) and bar graphs (right) show Foxp3 and CD44 expression in spleen and PLN. (c,d) Splenic Teffs and Tregs were isolated from the untreated and treated mice and used in an ex vivo suppression assay. (c) Representative histograms show results from the ex vivo suppression assay. (d) Bar graphs summarizing results shown in C. Values show average ± SD, *P < 0.05, **p < 0.005, and ***p < 0.0005. (e) H&E stained pancreatic tissue sections from untreated and OX40L-treated NOD mice showing different degrees of lymphocytic infiltration and islet damage at 23 weeks of age. (f) Immunofluorescence microscopy of pancreatic tissue sections stained with anti-insulin antibody.