Table 3 Maternal weight and metabolic parameters at key milestones of the study and litter characteristics at birth, according to the maternal diet (control or high-fat) and the gavage treatment during pregnancy [fish oil or control (water)].
Maternal control diet | Maternal high-fat diet | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Fish oil | Control | Fish oil | |
n | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
Maternal weight (g) | ||||
Prior to diet allocation (day -10) | 301 ± 6 | 298 ± 10 | 296 ± 5 | 303 ± 6 |
Mating (day 1) | 310 ± 7 | 307 ± 10 | 322 ± 7 | 332 ± 12 |
End of pregnancy (day 22) | 434 ± 6 | 444 ± 14 | 457 ± 16 | 445 ± 17 |
End of lactation (day 40) | 342 ± 4 | 359 ± 13 | 368 ± 9† | 360 ± 11 |
Gestational weight gain | 40 ± 2 | 45 ± 2 | 42 ± 4 | 34 ± 3 |
Retroperitoneal fat (% of body weight at day 40) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.1† | 1.2 ± 0.1# |
Metabolic parameters (day 40) | ||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.44 ± 0.17 | 4.56 ± 0.15 | 5.20 ± 0.32† | 4.93 ± 0.18 |
Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | 180 ± 19 | 323 ± 118 | 403 ± 91 | 332 ± 58 |
HOMA-IR | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 1.84 ± 0.66 | 2.58 ± 0.58‡ | 2.01 ± 0.37 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.47 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.05† | 0.72 ± 0.05 |
Birth characteristics | ||||
Litter size (n) | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | 13.7 ± 0.8 | 11.9 ± 1.1 |
Sex ratio (% male per litter) | 45 ± 5 | 42 ± 4 | 57 ± 3† | 50 ± 4 |
Weight of pups (g) | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.4* |
Length of pups (mm) | 47.7 ± 0.2 | 47.4 ± 0.2 | 46.7 ± 0.4 | 48.9 ± 0.2** |
