Table 4 Study outcomes among male offspring according to the maternal diet (control or high-fat) and the gavage treatment during pregnancy [fish oil or control (water)].

From: Fish oil supplementation to rats fed high-fat diet during pregnancy prevents development of impaired insulin sensitivity in male adult offspring

 

Time

 

Maternal control diet

Maternal high-fat diet

Control

Fish oil

Control

Fish oil

n

  

12

12

12

12

Pubertal onset (days)

  

43.3 ± 0.6

41.3 ± 0.6

43.4 ± 0.6

42.2 ± 0.5

Auxology

24 d

Weaning weight (g)

48 ± 3

54 ± 2

54 ± 3

61 ± 3

 

90 d

Total body fat (%)

22.9 ± 1.1

24.2 ± 1.2

29.3 ± 1.0††

27.0 ± 1.4

  

Fat mass to lean mass ratio

0.30 ± 0.02

0.32 ± 0.02

0.42 ± 0.02††

0.38 ± 0.03

  

Bone mineral density (g/cm2)

0.154 ± 0.002

0.156 ± 0.002

0.158 ± 0.002

0.161 ± 0.002

 

108 d

Weight (g)

495 ± 19

541 ± 15

593 ± 22†

593 ± 19

  

Length (mm)

258 ± 2

258 ± 2

266 ± 3

262 ± 2

 

110 d

Liver weight (% body weight)

2.85 ± 0.09

3.01 ± 0.06

3.01 ± 0.09

2.97 ± 0.07

  

Gonadal fat (% body weight)

1.77 ± 0.011

2.15 ± 0.12

2.40 ± 0.13††

2.27 ± 0.18

  

Retroperitoneal fat (% body weight)

1.98 ± 0.30

2.31 ± 0.16

3.09 ± 0.25††

2.68 ± 0.21

Diet

108 d

Energy intake (kcal/day)

85 ± 3

92 ± 2

101 ± 3†

95 ± 4

  

Energy intake per body weight (kcal/g/day)

0.17 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.01

0.16 ± 0.01

  

Cumulative food intake (g)

705 ± 22

751 ± 13

794 ± 17†

795 ± 31

  1. “Cumulative food intake” reflects the weight of all food consumed by an individual rat since weaning. Data are means ± standard errors. †p < 0.05 and ††p < 0.01 for a maternal diet effect among the offspring of dams that received control gavage. Note that all study groups consisted of 5 to 7 separate litters. Time represents the age of the animals in days.
Back to article page