Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Hepatic metabolic effects of Curcuma longa extract supplement in high-fructose and saturated fat fed rats

Figure 3

Overview of the metabolism of hepatic methylamine. (1) Choline oxidation pathway, the up regulation of gene expression and/or enzyme activity involved in this pathway. (2) Osmotic stress pathway by which curcuminoids might downregulate the BHMT enzyme activity in liver leading to high level of betaine. Choline transporter (A); choline dehydrogenase (CHDH); betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH); betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT); cystathionine β-synthase (CBS); choline kinase (CK); 1,2 diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase (DGCPT); dimethylglycine (DMG); ethanolamine kinase (EK); methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT); methionine synthase (MS); phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCT); phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT); S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH); tetrahydrofolate (THF).

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