Figure 1

Effects of low Pi loading on cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y or A172 cells. SH-SY5Y or A172 cells were cultured overnight in FBS-free/Pi-free DMEM. We then added appropriate amounts of sodium phosphate buffer to produce final Pi concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 mM (control concentration). For the cytotoxicity assays, the LIVE/DEAD Cell Imaging Kit (A) and Cell Count Reagent SF (B,C) were used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM of three determinations, based on treatment with 1 mM Pi giving a viability of 100%. The significance of any difference was determined using ANOVA followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni/Dunn test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Scale bar, 75 µm in (A).