Table 4 Daily carbon footprint, water footprint, and ecological footprint values of food groups (as average of 7-d food record) for each of the three diet groups.

Carbon Footprint (g CO₂ eq./d)

Drinks

430.9 ± 342.9^a

299.2 ± 355.3^a

325.0 ± 385.0^a

Meat and Fish

1447.2 ± 756.8^a

0.0 ± 0.0^b

0.0 ± 0.0^b

Other animal-based foods

901.9 ± 363.6^a

628.9 ± 465.2^b

0.0 ± 0.0^c

Cereals and their derivatives

425.5 ± 110.1^b

490.4 ± 133.4^ab

548.0 ± 200.7^a

Other vegetable-based foods

503.3 ± 170.1^c

995.8 ± 367.5^b

1422.5 ± 381.4^a

Sweets and desserts

250.8 ± 125.1^a

184.1 ± 109.6^b

47.0 ± 44.5^c

Total

3959.3 ± 975.8^a

2598.3 ± 619.0^b

2336.1 ± 496.8^b

Water Footprint (L/d)

Drinks

174.3 ± 127.1^a

129.2 ± 138.1^a

158.1 ± 152.1^a

Meat and Fish

1176.9 ± 603.5^a

0.0 ± 0.0^b

0.0 ± 0.0^b

Other animal-based foods

567.9 ± 236.8^a

385.5 ± 287.7^b

0.0 ± 0.0^c

Cereals and their derivatives

330.4 ± 81.3^b

370.2 ± 96.7^ab

412.8 ± 147.4^a

Other vegetable-based foods

623.3 ± 223.9^c

1224.2 ± 449.7^b

1835.4 ± 676.1^a

Sweets and desserts

268.0 ± 132.3^a

195.6 ± 114.7^b

51.8 ± 47.6^c

Total

3140.8 ± 726.5^a

2304.7 ± 421.6^b

2455.0 ± 582.2^b

Ecological Footprint (global m²/d)

Drinks

1.0 ± 0.9^a

0.8 ± 1.0^a

1.1 ± 1.2^a

Meat and Fish

11.2 ± 4.7^a

0.0 ± 0.0^b

0.0 ± 0.0^b

Other animal-based foods

7.0 ± 2.9^a

4.7 ± 3.6^b

0.0 ± 0.0^c

Cereals and their derivatives

2.5 ± 0.6^b

2.8 ± 0.7^ab

3.1 ± 1.1^a

Other vegetable-based foods

2.7 ± 1.4^c

6.6 ± 2.9^b

10.0 ± 2.9^a

Sweets and desserts

1.6 ± 0.8^a

1.2 ± 0.7^b

0.3 ± 0.3^c

Total

26.0 ± 5.6^a

16.1 ± 3.8^b

14.5 ± 3.1^b