Table 4 Incidence and risk of atrial fibrillation according to the degree of proteinuria by dipstick test adjusted for other covariates in the Follow-up Cohort (between 2009 and 2013).

From: Proteinuria Detected by Urine Dipstick Test as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

 

Proteinuria by Dipstick test

P for trend

Negative

Trace (±)

1+

2+

3+

4+

AF cases

153,673

5,045

5,160

2,691

920

227

 

Person-years

79,960,610

1,878,771

1,331,291

503,385

129,868

25,398

 

AF incidence*

1.92

2.69

3.88

5.35

7.08

8.94

 

Model 1 HR (95% CI)

1

1.24 (1.21–1.28)

1.51 (1.47–1.55)

1.88 (1.80–1.95)

2.32 (2.18–2.48)

2.74 (2.40–3.13)

<0.001

Model 2 HR (95% CI)

1

1.22 (1.19–1.26)

1.46 (1.42–1.50)

1.80 (1.73–1.87)

2.22 (2.08–2.37)

2.65 (2.32–3.03)

<0.001

Model 3 HR (95% CI)

1

1.16 (1.12–1.19)

1.34 (1.30–1.38)

1.58 (1.52–1.64)

1.88 (1.76–2.01)

2.24 (1.96–2.56)

<0.001

Model 4 HR (95% CI)

1

1.15 (1.12–1.19)

1.32 (1.29–1.36)

1.55 (1.49–1.62)

1.81 (1.69–1.93)

2.13 (1.86–2.43)

<0.001

Model 5 HR (95% CI)

1

1.15 (1.11–1.18)

1.30 (1.27–1.34)

1.51 (1.45–1.57)

1.73 (1.62–1.85)

2.03 (1.77–2.31)

<0.001

  1. AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence intervals; HR, hazard ratios.
  2. *Per 1000 person-years.
  3. Model 1 to 4: Cox proportional models as in Table 3. Model 5: model 4 with additional adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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