Table 3 Comparison of the concentration of HMGB1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in PICF (pg/ml) in different stages of peri-implant disease.

From: High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Level as a Novel Biomarker for the Development of Peri-Implant Disease

variable

HG (n = 39) \(\bar{{\boldsymbol{X}}}\pm {\boldsymbol{S}}\)

MU(n = 24) \(\bar{{\boldsymbol{X}}}\pm {\boldsymbol{S}}\)

PI(n = 16) \(\bar{{\boldsymbol{X}}}\pm {\boldsymbol{S}}\)

P1

P2

P3

HMGB1

167.3 ± 18.9

309.4 ± 45.4

962.6 ± 82.5

*

*

*

IL-1β

227.7 ± 18.5

483.3 ± 65.9

872.2 ± 114.3

*

*

*

IL-6

144.3 ± 33.1

288.7 ± 45.9

537.2 ± 151.4

*

  

IL-8

45.3 ± 5.9

117.4 ± 16.4

178.26 ± 162.5

*

*

 

TNF-α

178.3 ± 11.9

289.4 ± 7.4

402.6 ± 24.5

*

*

*

  1. values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation; P P1: HG vs. MU, P2: HG vs. PI, P3: MU vs. PI; *p-value ≤ 0.05.
  2. The means in the different groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison.
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