Table 1 Effect of different concentrations of TUDCA addition during embryo culture on the development of embryos.

From: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhances the development of porcine embryos derived from in vitro-matured oocytes and evaporatively dried spermatozoa

Groups*

No. of oocytes

Cleavage (%, mean ± SD)

4–8 cell (%, mean ± SD)

>8 cell (%, mean ± SD)

Morula (%, mean ± SD)

Blastocyst (%, mean ± SD)

FT

182

84.0 ± 1.9a

75.3 ± 2.6a

67.2 ± 2.3a

50.8 ± 2.2a

23.3 ± 2.4a

ED+ 0 μM

184

74.7 ± 2.2b

62.2 ± 2.6b

52.4 ± 2.4b

36.5 ± 1.7b

15.5 ± 1.2b

ED+ 100 μM

184

75.8 ± 2.0b

64.3 ± 2.8b

54.3 ± 1.4b

37.1 ± 2.0b

16.0 ± 2.0b

ED+ 200 μM

185

81.3 ± 1.9c

74.1 ± 1.3a

65.5 ± 1.5a

47.6 ± 1.7c

19.6 ± 2.4c

ED+ 300 μM

185

78.9 ± 2.1d

68.3 ± 1.6c

59.5 ± 2.3c

37.5 ± 2.1b

16.1 ± 1.9b

  1. Note: Different letters within the same column indicate statistical differences at p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD multiple comparison test (N = 8). FT: blastocysts developed from conventional freeze-thaw boar spermatozoa without TUDCA-treatment; ED+ 0 μM, ED+ 100 μM, ED+ 200 μM and ED+ 300 μM: blastocysts developed from evaporatively dried boar spermatozoa with 0, 100, 200 and 300 μM TUDCA-treatment, respectively.