Table 2 The fitting parameters by using Eq. (4): anharmonic coefficient (λ), cluster size (L) and effective polarization (P 0), the contribution of the Johnson term (t J) and Langevin term (t L), the overall tunability (η) of BTSn ceramics.

From: Large nonlinear dielectric behavior in BaTi1−xSnxO3

Samples

λ/V m5 C−3

L/nm

P 0/μC cm−2

t J/%

t L/%

η/%

BTSn11*

9.2(1) × 1010

6.7(1)

4.1 (1)

28.42

71.58

92.6

BTSn15

7.5(1) × 1010

9.3(1)

2.8 (1)

21.27

78.73

90.5

BTSn20

2.1(1) × 1010

4.1(1)

0.50 (1)

49.72

50.28

72.3

BTSn15-SPS

9.7(1) × 1010

5.5(1)

4.1 (1)

35.74

64.26

78.1

  1. *Parameters of BTSn11 are obtained based on the dielectric tunability data measured at 50 °C. Parameters of other samples are obtained based on the dielectric tunability data measured at 32 °C.
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