Figure 9

Comparison of the fouling behaviors of emulsified oil particles in the FO operations using (a) PES-TFC and (b) PES-TFC-g-PMAPS membranes under the AL-DS mode. Feed: DI water or 10,000 ppm oil water solution. Draw: 2 M NaCl solution.

Comparison of the fouling behaviors of emulsified oil particles in the FO operations using (a) PES-TFC and (b) PES-TFC-g-PMAPS membranes under the AL-DS mode. Feed: DI water or 10,000 ppm oil water solution. Draw: 2 M NaCl solution.