Table 2 Characteristics of studies comparing brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched healthy controls.

From: Endothelial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus – a case-control study and an updated meta-analysis and meta-regression

Author, year	Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus					Matched healthy control				Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
Author, year	Mean age, year	N	Female, %	Disease duration, month	EDD ± SD, %	Mean age, year	N	Female, %	EDD ± SD, %	Selection	Comparability	Exposure	Total
Ahmadi B, 2009	29.6	84	100	68.4	8.50 ± 5.01*	26.5	18	100	15.84 ± 6.88	3	2	2	7
Cypiene A²⁶	37.3	30	100	96.12	9.25 ± 5.15	37.45	66	100	9.69 ± 3.29	3	1	2	6
Ghosh P²⁷	31	60	90	60	9.97 ± 5.51	34	38	86.8	18.97 ± 6.42	3	2	2	7
Johnson SR²⁸	47.1	5	100	198.8	9.62 ± 5.54	42.4	5	100	11.08 ± 2.63	2	1	2	5
Karadag O²⁹	40	25	100	90	7.10 ± 2.10	38	22	100	11.40 ± 1.20	3	1	2	6
Kiss E³⁵	41.15	33	85.2	122.4	8.81 ± 5.28	48.54	26	84.6	9.86 ± 3.87	1	2	2	5
Lima DS³³	29	69	100	NR	5.00 ± 5.00	29	35	100	12.00 ± 6.00	3	2	2	7
Piper MK²⁵	40.6**	36	100	120	5.60** ± 4.41*	46.0**	22	100	8.00** ± 4.43*	2	2	2	6
Rajagopalan S³⁶	37	43	100	NR	3.70 ± 3.50	35	43	50	6.50 ± 3.50	2	2	2	6
Svenungsson E³²	52.2	26	100	240	6.40 ± 4.20	52.3	26	100	5.10 ± 5.00	4	2	2	8
Valdivielso P³¹	34	26	96.2	NR	12.49 ± 4.47	35	21	95.2	16.91 ± 5.58	3	2	2	7
Wright SA³⁴	45	32	88	180	2.40** ± 3.71*	40	19	79	5.80** ± 2.78*	3	2	2	7
Zhang CY³⁰	34.4	111	100	112.8	10.87 ± 5.42	34.5	40	100	14.23 ± 4.11	3	1	2	6
Cypiene A, 2010	37.2	31	100	NR	8.95 ± 5.32	37.4	72	100	9.68 ± 3.24	3	1	2	6
Conti F³⁹	40	50	88	118.8	6.50 ± 6.6	42.5	25	84	14.4 ± 9.2	3	2	2	7
Barsalou J⁴⁰	17.2	145	83	38.4	8.70** ± 4.19*	14.7	170	55	7.4** ± 3.90*	4	1	2	7
Mikolajczyk TP⁴¹	44	42	86	NR	9.71** ± 5.54*	41	42	88	13.5** ± 5.55*	3	2	2	7
Somers EC⁴²	37.6	95	97.9	NR	4.0 ± 4.7	39.3	38	1	5.7 ± 4.1	3	2	2	7
Parker B, 2013	41.5	27	96	84	1.63** ± 2.41*	38.5	22	86	5.49** ± 3.84*	4	1	2	7
Aizer J⁴⁴	48.8	28	100	194.4	12.50 ± 5.1	47.7	31	100	12.5 ± 4.5	3	1	2	6
El-Banawy HS⁴⁵	27**	60	90	NR	10.0** ± 3.72*	30**	21	85.7	30.5** ± 5.22*	2	1	2	5
Sincer I⁴⁶	37.2	34	56	65	8.10 ± 4.9	35.9	39	53.8	10.6 ± 4.7	3	1	2	6
Pramanik A, 2011	26.1	50	94	75	2.57 ± 2.32	27.8	50	92	8.71 ± 1.58	3	2	2	7
Valer P⁴⁸	41.5	100	92	NR	3.65 ± 1.29	41.4	50	90	10.83 ± 2.02	3	1	2	6
Mak A, 2016	39.2	71	91.5	43.8	3.72 ± 2.8	40.4	71	91.5	4.63 ± 3.1	4	2	2	8

Abbreviations: N, number; EDD, endothelium-dependent dilation at brachial artery; SD, standard deviation; EID, endothelium-independent dilation at brachial artery; NR, not reported.
*Estimated by multiple imputation with 1,000 imputations; **median.

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Table 2 Characteristics of studies comparing brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched healthy controls.

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