Figure 5

Pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Effect of 48 h exposure to IFN-γ (300 and 600 ng/ml), LPS (10 µg/ml) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) (1 and 2 mM) on proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) by ciPTEC-U and –T1. Concentration from three independent experiments is expressed as pg/ml (mean ± SEM). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared to untreated cells (One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test).