Table 3 Patient characteristics of in-hospital survivors and non-survivors.

From: Comparison of APACHE IV with APACHE II, SAPS 3, MELD, MELD-Na, and CTP scores in predicting mortality after liver transplantation

Variables

In-hospital survivor (n = 573)

In-hospital non-survivor (n = 17)

p- value

Age (years)

54 [9]

58 [13]

0.227*

Sex (M/F)

405 (70.7)/168 (29.3)

13 (76.5)/4 (23.5)

0.789

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.5 [12.1]

25.0 [2.7]

0.832*

Initial Diagnosis

 Hepatocellular carcinoma

317 (55.3)

8 (47.1)

0.622

 Liver cirrhosis

  Hepatitis B virus liver cirrhosis

379 (66.1)

9 (52.9)

0.302

  Hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis

57 (9.9)

3 (17.6)

0.402

  Alcoholic liver cirrhosis

76 (13.3)

3 (17.6)

0.487

  Others

35 (6.1)

1 (5.9)

1.000

Preoperative sodium (mmol/L)

135 [7]

138 [7]

0.071

Preoperative corrected sodium (mmol/L)

135 [7]

138 [7]

0.073

MELD score

16 [9]

27 [12]

<0.001*

MELD-Na score

18 [10]

28 [11]

0.002*

CTP score

8 [3]

10 [3]

0.009*

Coexisting conditions

 Diabetes mellitus

134 (23.4)

4 (23.5)

1.000

 Hypertension

97 (16.9)

3 (17.6)

1.000

 Chronic kidney disease

28 (4.9)

1 (5.9)

0.581

Preoperative RRT

19 (3.3)

3 (17.6)

0.022

Perioperative factors

 Donor status

  Living/Deceased

406 (70.9)/ 167 (29.1)

6 (35.3)/ 11 (64.7)

0.005

 Operation type

  Elective/ Emergency

396 (69.1)/ 177 (30.9)

5 (29.4)/ 12 (70.6)

0.001

 Operation time (min)

390 [93]

374 [86]

0.493*

 Intraoperative RBC (units)

7 [9]

8 [4]

0.545*

Postoperative factors

 APACHE IV score

66 [21]

97 [26]

<0.001*

 APACHE IV-LT specific predicted mortality (%)

29.2 [23.3]

73.3 [19.3]

<0.001*

 SAPS 3 score

48 [14]

65 [18]

<0.001*

 SAPS 3 predicted mortality (%)

19.9 [19.3]

44.9 [28.2]

0.003*

 APACHE II score

17 [7]

26 [8]

<0.001*

 APACHE II predicted mortality (%)

28.1 [16.0]

55.4 [23.9]

<0.001*

 APACHE II predicted mortality- LT specific diagnostic weight (%)

14.3 [13.8]

34.5 [22.7]

0.001*

 Inotropic support on admission to ICU

32 (5.6)

5 (29.4)

0.003

 Mechanical ventilation duration (hours)

17 [45]

220 [306]

0.015*

 Postoperative AKI

77 (13.5)

13 (76.5)

<0.001

 Postoperative RRT

19 (3.3)

10 (58.8)

<0.001

 Biliary complications

55 (9.6)

2 (11.8)

0.675

 Reoperation

65 (11.4)

4 (23.5)

0.127

 Postoperative RBC (units)

2 [7]

10 [9]

0.001*

 Surgical site infection

29 (5.1)

6 (35.3)

<0.001

 ICU readmission

27 (4.7)

7 (41.2)

<0.001

 Postoperative ICU LOS (days)

5.6 [5.5]

39.0 [61.9]

0.041*

 Hospital LOS (days)

30 [25]

60 [59]

0.046*

 Preoperative hospital LOS (days)

10 [11]

20 [23]

0.077*

 Postoperative hospital LOS (days)

20 [19]

40 [61]

0.151*

  1. Data are expressed as mean [standard deviation] or number (%). *Mann-Whitney U test.
  2. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MELD-Na, model for end-stage liver disease-Na; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; LT, liver transplantation; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; AKI, acute kidney injury; RRT, renal replacement therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.
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