Table 2 Pairwise comparisons of habitually barefoot/shod children by age in stages of development.
Estimated marginal difference of habitually barefoot vs. habitually shod | Foot length [cm] | Foot width [cm] | Static arch height index | Pliability Ratio | Dynamic arch index | Hallux angle [°] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 to <10 years | Difference | ā0.58 | ā0.20 | ā0.03 | 0.01 | ā0.00 | ā1.43 |
(95%-CI) | (ā0.99,ā0.16) | (ā0.35,ā0.05) | (ā0.03,ā0.02) | (0.01,0.02) | (ā0.02,0.02) | (ā2.86,0.01) | |
p | 0.006 | 0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.822 | 0.052 | |
10 to <14 years | Difference | ā0.04 | ā0.00 | ā0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ā1.22 |
(95%-CI) | (ā0.38,0.29) | (ā0.12,0.12) | (ā0.03,ā0.02) | (0.00,0.01) | (0.02,0.04) | (ā2.37,ā0.06) | |
p | 0.802 | 0.978 | <0.001 | 0.025 | <0.001 | 0.039 | |
14 to 18 years | Difference | ā0.63 | 0.00 | ā0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ā1.16 |
(95%-CI) | (ā0.97,ā0.28) | (ā0.13,0.13) | (ā0.03,ā0.02) | (0.00,0.01) | (ā0.01,0.02) | (ā2.36,0.04) | |
p | <0.001 | 0.981 | <0.001 | 0.014 | 0.696 | 0.059 | |
Main hypotheses α(adj)ā =ā 0.008 | pinteraction | 0.028 | 0.081 | 0.310 | 0.329 | 0.004 | 0.959 |
Hierarchical hypotheses αā =ā 0.05 | pbarefoot vs. shod § | (0.001) | 0.204 | <0.001 | <0.001 | (0.010) | 0.001 |