Table 1 Characteristics of included randomized controlled trials.
Study | NCT code | Comparison drug(s) | No. of patients | Trial duration (weeks) | Males/Females | Mean Age (years) | HbA1c (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | DM duration (years) | Cancer type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPP-4i | Control | ||||||||||
Sitagliptin | |||||||||||
NCT01590771 | NCT01590771 | Placebo | 249 | 249 | 24 | 249/249 | 57 | 8.55 | NA | NA | Cervix carcinoma |
NCT01189890 | NCT01189890 | Glimepiride | 241 | 239 | 30 | 202/278 | 70.7 | 7.78 | 29.7 | 8.69 | Colon cancer, Malignant melanoma, Prostate cancer |
NCT01076088 | NCT01076088 | Placebo | 120 | 127 | 24 | 161/86 | 52.7 | 8.86 | 25.7 | 1.1 | Renal cancer |
NCT00420511 | NCT00420511 | Placebo | 10 | 11 | 48 | 14/7 | 60.9 | 6.1 | 32.7 | 3 | Renal cancer |
NCT01076075 | NCT01076075 | Placebo/Pioglitazone | 210 | 212 | 24 | 193/229 | 54.9 | 8.4 | 28.5 | 7.75 | Prostate cancer |
Arjona 2013 | NCT00509262 | Glipizide | 210 | 212 | 54 | 170/252 | 64.2 | 7.8 | 26.76 | 10.4 | Breast cancer, Leukemia, Lung cancer, Pancreatic cancer |
Green 2015 | NCT00790205 | Placebo | 7332 | 7339 | 5 years | 10374/4297 | 65.5 | 7.2 | 30.2 | 11.6 | Gastric cancer, Colon cancer, Salivary gland neoplasm, Cervix carcinoma, Bladder cancer, Bone cancer, Breast cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer, Renal cancer, Bronchial carcinoma, Lung cancer, Thyroid cancer, Ovarian cancer, Endometrial cancer, Gallbladder cancer, Hepatic cancer, Bile duct cancer, Laryngeal cancer, Anal cancer, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Lip carcinoma |
NCT00885352 | NCT00885352 | Placebo | 157 | 156 | 26 | 195/118 | 56 | 8.8 | 29.9 | 9.8 | Basal cell carcinoma |
NCT00509236 | NCT00509236 | Glipizide | 64 | 65 | 54 | 77/52 | 59.5 | 7.8 | 26.8 | 17.5 | Prostate cancer |
NCT00095056 | NCT00095056 | Placebo | 65 | 26 | 54 | 47/44 | 67.9 | 7.7 | 26.6 | 13.5 | Colon cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer, Skin cancer |
NCT00395343 | NCT00395343 | Placebo | 322 | 319 | 24 | 326/315 | 57.8 | 8.7 | 31 | 12.5 | Breast cancer, Rectal cancer |
NCT00722371 | NCT00722371 | Pioglitazone | 231 | 230 | 54 | 249/212 | 52.03 | 8.8 | 31.3 | 4.1 | Bladder cancer, Breast cancer, Malignant melanoma, Skin cancer |
NCT00337610 | NCT00337610 | Placebo | 96 | 94 | 30 | 88/102 | 54.8 | 9.2 | 30.2 | NA | Pancreatic cancer, Colon cancer, Lymphoma |
NCT01177384 | NCT01177384 | Placebo | 191 | 189 | 24 | 194/186 | 57.1 | 8.08 | NA | NA | Breast cancer, Thymoma |
NCT00305604 | NCT00305604 | Placebo | 102 | 104 | 24 | 97/109 | 71.9 | 7.8 | 30.95 | 7.1 | Basal cell carcinoma, Colon cancer, Malignant melanoma, Skin cancer |
NCT00701090 | NCT00701090 | Glimepiride | 516 | 519 | 30 | 563/472 | 56.3 | 7.5 | 30 | 6.8 | Basal cell carcinoma, Lung cancer, Pancreatic cancer |
NCT00449930 | NCT00449930 | Metformin | 528 | 522 | 24 | 484/566 | 56 | 7.3 | 30.8 | 2.4 | Lung cancer, Malignant melanoma |
NCT00637273 | NCT00637273 | Pioglitazone | 166 | 165 | 26 | 165/166 | 52.6 | 8.5 | 32 | 5.5 | Thyroid cancer |
NCT01137812 | NCT01137812 | Canagliflozin | 378 | 377 | 52 | 422/333 | 56.5 | 8.1 | 31.6 | 9.6 | Cervix carcinoma, Lung cancer, Oesophageal cancer, Uterine cancer |
NCT01098539 | NCT01098539 | Albiglutide | 246 | 249 | 52 | 266/229 | 63.3 | NA | NA | NA | Brain cancer, Breast cancer, Malignant melanoma, Prostate cancer, Renal cancer |
Aschner 2012 | NCT00751114 | Insulin glargine | 253 | 227 | 24 | 246/234 | 53.6 | 8.5 | 31.09 | 4.5 | Prostate cancer |
NCT00106704 | NCT00106704 | Placebo/Pioglitazone | 222 | 219 | 54 | 234/207 | 56 | 8.34 | 31 | 8.8 | Lung cancer, Skin cancer |
NCT00881530 | NCT00881530 | Metformin | 56 | 56 | 78 | 57/55 | 57.55 | 8.09 | 29.3 | NA | Breast cancer, Cervix carcinoma |
NCT00482729 | NCT00482729 | Metformin | 625 | 621 | 44 | 709/537 | 49.7 | 9.87 | 33.3 | 3.3 | Colon cancer, Endometrial cancer, Laryngeal cancer, Lung cancer, Malignant melanoma, Renal cancer, Ovarian cancer, Prostate cancer |
NCT00086502 | NCT00086502 | Placebo | 175 | 178 | 24 | 196/157 | 56.2 | 8 | 31.5 | 6.1 | Lung cancer |
NCT00532935 | NCT00532935 | Pioglitazone | 261 | 256 | 32 | 277/240 | 52.3 | 8.9 | 29.8 | 3.3 | Basal cell carcinoma, Colon cancer, Renal cancer |
NCT01046110 | NCT01046110 | Insulin degludec | 222 | 225 | 26 | 262/185 | 55.7 | 8.9 | NA | NA | Bladder cancer |
NCT02008682 | NCT02008682 | Liraglutide | 184 | 183 | 26 | 219/148 | 51.5 | 8.12 | 27.24 | 5.27 | Thyroid cancer,Thymoma |
Ahren 2014 | NCT00838903 | Placebo/Metformin | 302 | 101 | 104 | 189/214 | 54.8 | 8.1 | 32.6 | 6 | Thyroid cancer, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Malignant melanoma, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer, Renal cancer |
NCT00094770 | NCT00094770 | Glipizide | 588 | 584 | 104 | 694/478 | 56.7 | 7.7 | 31.2 | 6.35 | Basal cell carcinoma, Bladder cancer, Breast cancer, Colon cancer, Lymphoma, Gastric cancer, Hepatic cancer, Malignant melanoma, Bone cancer, Oesophageal cancer, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer, Renal cancer, Skin cancer, Uterine cancer |
Pratley 2012 | NCT00700817 | Liraglutide | 219 | 221 | 52 | 236/204 | 55 | 8.4 | 32.9 | 6.4 | Pancreatic cancer, Renal cancer, Bile duct cancer, Breast cancer, Colon cancer |
NCT00289848 | NCT00289848 | Placebo | 352 | 178 | 28 | 306/224 | 50.9 | 8.74 | 25 | 2 | Ovarian cancer |
NCT00813995 | NCT00813995 | Placebo | 197 | 198 | 24 | 200/195 | 54.6 | 8.5 | 25.3 | 6.85 | Colon cancer, Lip carcinoma |
NCT00094757 | NCT00094757 | Placebo/Pioglitazone | 205 | 110 | 54 | 179/136 | 54.85 | 8 | 32 | 4.6 | Breast cancer, Bone cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Thyroid cancer, Uterine cancer |
NCT01519674 | NCT01519674 | Metformin | 195 | 194 | 24 | 205/184 | 55.84 | 8.4 | 29.4 | NA | Pancreatic cancer, Thyroid cancer |
NCT00086515 | NCT00086515 | Placebo/Glipizide | 464 | 237 | 104 | 400/301 | 54.5 | 8 | NA | 6.2 | Lymphoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Bladder cancer, Breast cancer, Renal cancer, Thyroid cancer, Hepatic cancer, Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Thyroid cancer, Skin cancer |
NCT01907854 | NCT01907854 | Liraglutide | 204 | 202 | 27 | 242/164 | 56.4 | 8.3 | NA | NA | Bladder cancer |
Weinstock 2015 | NCT00734474 | Dulaglutide | 315 | 304 | 104 | 297/322 | 53.7 | 8.1 | 31.21 | 7.1 | Breast cancer, Colon cancer, Gastric cancer, Laryngeal cancer, Prostate cancer,Thyroid cancer, Uterine cancer |
Saxagliptin | |||||||||||
NCT00327015 | NCT00327015 | Metformin | 335 | 328 | 24 | 332/331 | 51.96 | 9.5 | 30.2 | 1.7 | Pancreatic cancer |
NCT00121641 | NCT00121641 | Placebo | 106 | 95 | 24 | 101/100 | 53.91 | 7.95 | 31.65 | 2.41 | Colon cancer, Cervix carcinoma, Malignant melanoma, Renal cancer |
NCT00316082 | NCT00316082 | Placebo | 71 | 74 | 24 | 72/73 | 54.9 | NA | NA | NA | Uterine cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Hepatic cancer |
NCT00121667 | NCT00121667 | Placebo/Metformin | 191 | 179 | 24 | 199/171 | 54.72 | 8.1 | 31.4 | 6.5 | Breast cancer, Uterine cancer |
NCT00295633 | NCT00295633 | Placebo | 186 | 184 | 24 | 174/196 | 52.34 | 8.3 | 30.05 | 5.15 | Colon cancer |
NCT00575588 | NCT00575588 | Glipizide | 428 | 430 | 104 | 444/414 | 57.55 | 7.7 | 31.4 | 5.4 | Bladder cancer, Colon cancer, Salivary gland neoplasm, Leukemia, Thyroid cancer, Bladder cancer, Bronchial carcinoma, Lung cancer, Malignant melanoma, Renal cancer, Breast cancer |
NCT00757588 | NCT00757588 | Placebo/Insulin | 304 | 151 | 24 | 188/267 | 57.2 | 8.7 | 32.3 | 11.9 | Breast cancer, Pituitary tumor, Uterine cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer |
NCT01128153 | NCT01128153 | Placebo | 129 | 128 | 24 | 154/103 | 57 | 8.28 | 29.2 | NA | Laryngeal cancer |
Schernthaner 2015 | NCT01006603 | Glimepiride | 360 | 360 | 52 | 445/275 | 72.6 | 7.6 | 29.6 | 7.6 | Breast cancer, Basal cell carcinoma, Bladder cancer, Colon cancer, Hepatic cancer, Lung cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer, Salivary gland neoplasm |
NCT00313313 | NCT00313313 | Placebo/Glyburide | 253 | 267 | 24 | 233/287 | 54.96 | 8.45 | 29 | 6.8 | Thyroid cancer |
NCT01006590 | NCT01006590 | Metformin | 147 | 139 | 24 | 164/122 | 58.7 | 7.8 | 31.7 | 6.5 | Prostate cancer, Tongue cancer |
Leiter 2016 | NCT01107886 | Placebo | 8280 | 8212 | 2.9 years | 11037/5455 | 65 | 8 | 31.1 | 10.3 | Thyroid cancer, Bladder cancer, Breast cancer, Bronchial carcinoma, Cervix carcinoma, Colon cancer,Gastric cancer, Hepatic cancer, Lung cancer, Lymphoma, Ovarian cancer, Prostate cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Oesophageal cancer, Endometrial cancer, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Laryngeal cancer, Skin cancer, Vascular neoplasm, Bile duct cancer, Gallbladder cancer, Hodgkin’s disease, Malignant melanoma, Testis cancer, Bone cancer, Lip carcinoma, Haemangioma, Brain cancer, Rectal cancer, Renal cancer, Uterine cancer |
NCT00374907 | NCT00374907 | Placebo/Metformin | 20 | 16 | 116 | 14/22 | 55.5 | NA | 33.01 | NA | Colon cancer |
Alogliptin | |||||||||||
White 2013 | NCT00968708 | Placebo | 2701 | 2679 | 41 months | 3651/1738 | 61 | 7.2 | 28.7 | 7.2 | Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, Bladder cancer, Gastric cancer, Renal cancer, Lung cancer |
NCT00286468 | NCT00286468 | Placebo | 198 | 99 | 26 | 150/147 | 56.7 | 8.11 | 30 | 7.6 | Basal cell carcinoma, Bladder cancer |
NCT00286442 | NCT00286442 | Placebo | 213 | 104 | 26 | 151/166 | 55.33 | 7.93 | 32 | 6 | Endometrial cancer, Prostate cancer |
NCT00856284 | NCT00856284 | Glipizide | 878 | 869 | 104 | 881/866 | 55.4 | 7.61 | 31.2 | 5.45 | Breast cancer, Basal cell carcinoma, Colon cancer, Bladder cancer, Endometrial cancer,Lymphoma, Ovarian cancer, Renal cancer, Lung cancer |
NCT00286429 | NCT00286429 | Placebo | 129 | 130 | 26 | 106/153 | 55.4 | 9.3 | 32.4 | 12.8 | Cervix carcinoma |
NCT01263496 | NCT01263496 | Voglibose | 97 | 83 | 40 | 131/49 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Pancreatic cancer, Breast cancer |
NCT00395512 | NCT00395512 | Pioglitazone | 164 | 163 | 26 | 166/161 | 52.1 | 8.78 | 31.47 | 3.14 | Colon cancer |
NCT00707993 | NCT00707993 | Glipizide | 222 | 219 | 52 | 198/243 | 69.9 | NA | 29.79 | 6.1 | Breast cancer, Cervix carcinoma |
NCT00432276 | NCT00432276 | Metformin | 404 | 399 | 52 | 414/389 | 55.1 | 8.15 | 31.55 | 7.16 | Colon cancer |
Mita 2016 | NA | OAD | 172 | 169 | 2 years | 199/142 | 64.6 | 7.25 | 24.75 | 8.6 | Thyroid cancer, Prostate cancer, Cholangioma |
Linagliptin | |||||||||||
NCT01084005 | NCT01084005 | Placebo | 162 | 79 | 24 | 165/76 | 74.9 | 7.78 | 29.67 | NA | Lung cancer, Malignant melanoma, Prostate cancer |
NCT01087502 | NCT01087502 | Placebo/Glimepiride | 113 | 122 | 52 | 149/86 | 66.6 | 8.05 | 32.09 | NA | Bladder cancer, Lung cancer, Basal cell carcinoma, Colon cancer, Prostate cancer |
NCT01734785 | NCT01734785 | Placebo | 606 | 110 | 24 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Colon cancer, Basal cell carcinoma, Bladder cancer |
Bajaj 2014 | NCT00996658 | Placebo | 183 | 89 | 24 | 132/140 | 53.79 | 8.42 | 28.27 | NA | Colon cancer |
NCT00954447 | NCT00954447 | Placebo | 631 | 630 | 52 | 658/603 | 60 | 8.3 | 31 | 8.3 | Bile duct cancer, Colon cancer, Gastric cancer, Hepatic cancer, Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer, Renal cancer, Uterine cancer |
NCT00798161 | NCT00798161 | Placebo | 142 | 72 | 24 | 116/98 | 56.03 | 8.69 | 28.84 | NA | Breast cancer |
Gallwitz 2012 | NCT00622284 | Glimepiride | 776 | 775 | 2 years | 933/618 | 59.8 | 7.7 | 30.25 | 5 | Breast cancer, Bronchial carcinoma, Colon cancer, Endometrial cancer, Laryngeal cancer, Hepatic cancer, Bone cancer, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer, Renal cancer, Lung cancer, Thyroid cancer, Vulval cancer |
NCT01215097 | NCT01215097 | Placebo | 205 | 100 | 24 | 152/153 | 55.5 | 7.99 | 25.6 | NA | Gastric cancer |
NCT00621140 | NCT00621140 | Placebo | 336 | 167 | 24 | 243/260 | 55.7 | 8 | 29.05 | NA | Breast cancer, Lymphoma |
NCT00654381 | NCT00654381 | Placebo | 159 | 80 | 52 | 395/166 | 60 | NA | NA | NA | Gastric cancer, Prostate cancer |
Barnett 2012 | NCT00740051 | Placebo/Glimepiride | 151 | 76 | 52 | 88/139 | 56.5 | 8.1 | 29.5 | NA | Colon cancer |
