Figure 4

Mechanism by which BB68 affects the longevity of C. elegans. BB68 increased the longevity of nematodes by activating the TIR-1 – JNK-1 – DAF-16 signaling pathway, and the cell wall component of BB68 contributed to longevity. The solid arrow indicates activation observed in this study. A dashed line with an ‘×’ indicates that no effect was observed in this study. A dashed line indicates that the test was not performed in this study. A “P” indicates a phosphorylation site. *Indicates direct or indirect phosphorylation.