Figure 1

Six different representative classes of cyclic dynamics from model simulations. A line color indicates population’s habitat patch (a black or grey patch). In each picture, an upper panel shows the number of infected hosts (solid line) and susceptibles (dotted line) over time and a lower panel shows the number of pathogens (solid line) and consumers (dotted line) over time. (a) Single-patch dynamics (a = 0.55, h = 0.45, κ = 3, λ = 0.1), where shaded areas make easier to compare dynamics between infectives and pathogens. (b) Asymmetric disease prevalence case (via consumer dispersal) showing one infected and one healthy patch (a = 0.55, h = 0.25, κ = 3, λ = 1, d _con = 0.15). (c) Example of chaotic dynamics (a = 0.55, h = 0.25, κ = 3, λ = 0.1, d _host = 0.1, ν = 0.01), where intervals a and b show the effect of indirect pathogen flow (sequences of decreasing pathogen populations). (d) Example of irregular cycles (a = 0.55, h = 0.85, κ = 3, λ = 0.5, d _host = 0.1). (e) Example of dynamics under a high mortality rate (a = 0.55, h = 0.25, κ = 3, λ = 0.1, d _host = 0.1, ν = 0.15). (f) Asymmetric disease prevalence caused by host dispersal (a = 0.55, h = 0.25, κ = 3, λ = 1, d _host = 0.11). Notice that population sizes (y-axis) and time intervals (x-axis) vary between panels.