Table 3 The N-P-K balance for the arable crops disaggregated in cereals plus potato, legume crops and fallow land.

From: The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization

N-P-K flows (Mg)

Cereals and potato

Legume crops

Fallow land

N

P

K

N

P

K

N

P

K

Outputs

Harvests (Ho)

29 343

5 134

104

4 838

549

49

0

0

0

Cropped or grazed straw (So)

13 811

2 770

13 559

1 826

219

1 886

0

0

0

Cropped or grazed weeds – crops (Wo)

19 768

1 872

13 313

4 275

405

2 879

0

0

0

Cropped or grazed weeds – fallow (Go)

0

0

0

0

0

0

33 613

3 308

23 519

Leaching and runoff (Lo)

11 888

0

4 701

722

0

1 019

3 236

0

3 654

Erosion (Eo)

0

2 832

3 193

0

118

692

0

266

3 309

N emissions (Vo)

22 009

0

0

4 768

0

0

12 642

0

0

Sum

96 819

12 609

34 870

16 429

1 291

6 524

49 491

3 574

30 483

Inputs

Seeds (Si)

2 838

497

732

663

76

165

0

0

0

Manure (Mi)

12 837

2 499

6 303

1 426

278

700

0

0

0

Field excretions (Ei)

8 865

1 458

4 508

1 921

316

977

16 179

2 660

8 228

Other biomass entries (Bi)

2 185

348

2 916

2 185

348

2 916

0

0

0

Chemical fertilizers (Fi)

33 747

24 367

4 164

265

583

128

0

0

0

Rainfall (Ri)

9 449

470

3 808

2 047

102

825

9 793

487

3 947

Irrigation (Ii)

4 070

111

6 976

257

7

441

0

0

0

Soil weathering (Wi)

0

2 351

17 426

0

509

3 775

0

2 436

18 060

Symbiotic N fixation - cultivated legumes (Li)

0

0

0

8 131

0

0

0

0

0

Symbiotic N fixation - wild legumes (LWi)

6 326

0

0

1 368

0

0

15 646

0

0

Non-symbiotic N fixation (Oi)

4 701

0

0

1 019

0

0

8 262

0

0

Sum

85 019

32 100

47 101

19 283

2 218

9 985

49 880

5 584

30 724

Balance

(Mg)

−11 801

19 491

12 231

2 854

928

3 461

388

2 010

241

(kg.ha−1.yr−1)

−5, 0

8, 3

5, 2

5, 6

1, 8

6, 8

0, 2

0, 8

0, 1