Table 1 Results of linear mixed models for the number of species with seedling recruitment and for the proportion of seedling recruitment (i.e the numbers of recruited individuals in relation to the number of added propagules per species) testing for the effects of rodent herbivory (rodent control, rodent exclusion), gastropod herbivory (gastropod control, gastropod exclusion), species origin (exotic = E, native = N), and disturbance (disturbed =  + D, undisturbed = −D).

From: Interactions count: plant origin, herbivory and disturbance jointly explain seedling recruitment and community structure

Fixed effects

Number of species with seedling recruitment

Proportion of seedling recruitment

D.f.

F ratio

D.f.

F ratio

Rodent (ROD)

1, 4

1.58

1, 4

0.82

Gastropod (GAS)

1, 8

0.01

1, 8

7.07*

Species origin (SO)

1, 48

0.16

1, 28

2.11

Disturbance (DIS)

1, 48

50.73***

1, 28

50.9***

Functional group (FG)

—

—

2, 28

2.81+

ROD × GAS

1, 8

1.18

1, 8

0.51

ROD × SO

1, 48

0.04

1, 28

0.08

ROD × DIS

1, 48

4.74*

1, 28

1.96

ROD × FG

—

—

2, 28

2.51+

GAS × SO

1, 48

1.18

1, 28

5.46*

  GAS|E

—

—

1, 28

12.08**

  GAS|N

—

—

1,28

0.05

GAS × DIS

1, 48

1.65

1, 28

3.91+

GAS × FG

—

—

2, 28

7.54**

  GAS|Gr

—

—

1, 28

0.38

  GAS|Lg

—

—

1, 28

0.18

  GAS|Hb

—

—

1, 28

3.00+

SO × DIS

1, 48

0.98

1, 28

0.14

SO × FG

—

—

2, 28

0.79

DIS × FG

—

—

2, 28

31.1***

ROD × GAS × SO

1, 48

0.09

1, 28

1.29

ROD × GAS × DIS

1, 48

1.18

1, 28

1.77

ROD × GAS × FG

—

—

2, 28

0.4

ROD × SO × DIS

1, 48

0

1, 28

0.82

ROD × SO × FG

—

—

2, 28

0.12

ROD × DIS × FG

—

—

2, 28

1.35

GAS × SO × DIS

1, 48

2.83

1, 28

5.85*

  GAS||E, +D

—

—

1, 28

21.28***

  GAS|N, +D

—

—

1, 28

0

  GAS|E, −D

—

—

1, 28

0.09

  GAS|N, −D

—

—

1, 28

0.15

GAS × SO × FG

—

—

2, 28

4.18*

  GAS|E, Gr

—

—

1, 28

0.67

  GAS|N, Gr

—

—

1, 28

0.62

  GAS|E, Lg

—

—

1, 28

24.05***

  GAS|N, Lg

—

—

1, 28

0.14

  GAS|E, Hb

—

—

1, 28

0.63

  GAS|N, Hb

—

—

1, 28

0.14

GAS × DIS × FG

—

—

2, 28

3.73*

  GAS|Gr, +D

—

—

1, 28

0.41

  GAS|Gr, −D

—

—

1, 28

0.42

  GAS|Lg, +D

—

—

1, 28

25.11***

  GAS|Lg, −D

—

—

1, 28

0.32

  GAS|Hb, +D

—

—

1, 28

0.49

  GAS|Hb, −D

—

—

1, 28

0.42

SO × DIS × FG

—

—

2, 28

2.8+

  DIS|E, Gr

—

—

1, 28

56.85***

  DIS|N, Gr

—

—

1, 28

25.61***

  DIS|E, Lg

—

—

1, 28

3.64+

  DIS|N, Lg

—

—

1, 28

0

  DIS|E, Hb

—

—

1, 28

30.08***

  DIS|N, Hb

—

—

1, 28

26.33***

ROD × GAS × SO × DIS

1, 48

0.48

1, 28

1.43

ROD × GAS × SO × FG

—

—

2, 28

0.83

  1. Functional group (grasses = Gr, legumes = Lg, herbs = Hb) and its interactions were not included in the model for the number of species with seedling recruitment. For relevant interactions, the effect of one factors is tested for each level of the other factor or factorial combinations (simple main effects). D.f. refers to the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom. Significant F values are shown in bold: +P < 0.10, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
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