Figure 3

Effects of SA-2 on EC viability (a) and migration (b) under oxidative stress conditions. Cells were seeded and allowed to attach on tissue culture plates. For the cell migration study, micropipette tips were used to make scratch lines on wells, and images were taken for measuring distances of gaps. In all studies, cells were treated with H₂O2, and SA-2 at different concentrations. A reference NO donor SIN-1 (50 µM), a reference antioxidant SA-3 (50 µM), or a reference hybrid compound SA-5 (50 µM) was added to cell samples, incubated for 24 hours, assessed for cell viability and migration, and used for comparison. Controls were cells not exposed to H₂O₂ or any treatment reagent. N/T samples were cells exposed to H₂O₂ without any test compound. Cell viability was quantified with MTS assays, while cell migration was imaged and analyzed for final distances of gaps via ImageJ. Results were then processed for statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by post-hoc comparisons (SigmaPlot). Results are presented as mean values ± SEM. Stars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05; n = 5) with respect to N/T (*) and reference drugs (**).