Table 1 Experimental outline.
From: Cu-chitosan nanoparticle boost defense responses and plant growth in maize (Zea mays L.)
Experiment | Analysis/method | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
Synthesis of Cu-chitosan NPs | Ionic gelation method15 | Cu-chitosan NPs were synthesized |
In-vitro Cu release | Using AAS15 | Cu release from Cu-chitosan NPs was evaluated with respect to pH and time |
Pot experiment | ||
Antioxidant and defense enzymes assay | Methods described by Giannopolitis and Ries52; Chance and Maehly49; Moerschbacher et al.,51; Taneja and Sachar50 | Activities of SOD, POD, PAL and PPO were estimated |
Chlorophyll content (a, b) | As described by Stangarlin et al.47 | Chlorophyll content (a, b) was quantified |
Disease assessment | Using 1 to 9 standard disease rating scale | DS and PEDC were calculated |
Copper content in leaves | AAS method described by Adrian48. | Cu content in leaves was determined |
Field experiment | ||
Days to 50%, tasseling, silking, ear leaf senescence and number of leaves/plant, plant height, ear length, ear weight/plot, grain yield/plot and 100 grain weight | Maize descriptor53 | Crop yield assessment |
Statistical analysis | JMP version-12 using Tukey–Kramer HSD test | Significant difference between treatment (p = 0.05) were calculated |
