Table 1 Summary of the main characteristics of the forests and the trends presented by NEP, GPP, Re, and maximum LAI.

From: Atmospheric deposition, CO₂, and change in the land carbon sink

Forest	Code	Climate	Forest Type	Age	Maturity Age	Corrected Mat. Age	Initial year	Finalyear	Y	NEP TS Trend	P	GPP TS Trend	P	Re TS Trend	P	LAITS Trend	P
Brasschaat¹	BE-Bra	Temp	M	80	90	0.89	1997	2011	14	17.5 ± 7.5	0.0773	21.4 ± 13.9	0.0313	9.7 ± 19.8	0.2556	0.000 ± 0.008	0.6329
Castelporziano²	IT-Cpz	Temp	EB	61	75	0.81	1997	2008	10	2.8 ± 6.9	0.3603	−12.8 ± 16.9	0.7629	−22.1 ± 12.8	0.8145	0.100 ± 0.010	0.0173
Collelongo³	IT-Col	Temp	DB	118	95	1.24	1997	2012	12	4.1 ± 9.6	0.2686	16.8 ± 11.9	0.1219	8.5 ± 6.4	0.0574	−0.014 ± 0.015	0.8299
Hainich⁴	DE-Hai	Temp	DB	275	95	2.89	2000	2012	13	−7.3 ± 4.6	0.9197	−11.2 ± 7.3	0.8502	−6.3 ± 5.9	0.7489	0.047 ± 0.018	0.0466
Harvard⁵	US-Ha1	Temp	DB	81	75	1.07	1992	2011	20	12.6 ± 5.9	0.0372	34.7 ± 5.1	<0.0001	20.2 ± 9.6	0.0075	0.000 ± 0.005	0.6539
Hesse⁶	FR-Hes	Temp	DB	43	95	0.45	1996	2010	15	26.4 ± 11.0	0.0374	18.3 ± 15.4	0.1381	0.5 ± 15.3	0.5000	0.017 ± 0.007	0.2737
Howland MT⁷	US-Ho1	Temp	EC	109	90	1.21	1996	2008	13	6.5 ± 2.8	0.0293	−5.8 ± 7.5	0.7489	−16.2 ± 7.2	0.9364	−0.050 ± 0.008	0.9934
Howland F⁷	US-Ho2	Temp	EC	109	90	1.21	1999	2009	11	5.4 ± 4.8	0.1751	7.7 ± 8.2	0.2667	2.6 ± 11.0	0.3202	−0.025 ± 0.011	0.7621
Hyytiala⁸	FI-Hyy	Bor	EC	47	90	0.52	1997	2012	16	6.2 ± 2.5	0.0172	14.7 ± 4.0	0.0017	10.4 ± 3.5	0.0051	0.000 ± 0.004	0.5201
Lavarone⁹	IT-Lav	Temp	EC	120	90	1.33	2003	2012	10	41.8 ± 10.3	0.0100	37.2 ± 12.8	0.0159	−2.7 ± 5.1	0.7042	0.114 ± 0.022	0.1008
Le Bray¹⁰	FR-LBr	Temp	EC	38	90	0.42	1997	2008	11	7.2 ± 18.8	0.4381	10.8 ± 25.6	0.3777	−18.3 ± 12.6	0.8935	−0.033 ± 0.014	0.8465
Loobos¹¹	NL-Loo	Temp	EC	88	90	0.98	1997	2012	16	21.5 ± 4.9	0.0009	−6.0 ± 4.2	0.9186	−27.1 ± 5.9	0.9991	−0.017 ± 0.008	0.6559
Metolius¹²	US-Me2	Temp	EC	64	90	0.71	2002	2012	11	13.4 ± 9.8	0.1379	29.0 ± 13.7	0.0806	10.6 ± 13.4	0.2667	0.156 ± 0.028	0.0866
Morgan Monroe⁷	US-MMS	Temp	DB	70	75	0.93	1999	2013	15	−2.6 ± 3.9	0.8619	−1.8 ± 5.5	0.6897	0.7 ± 5.0	0.5000	−0.041 ± 0.009	0.8677
Niwot ridge¹³	US-NR1	Bor	EC	98	90	1.09	1999	2010	12	1.9 ± 2.8	0.4185	−0.1 ± 3.4	0.5000	−1.3 ± 2.3	0.6341	0.060 ± 0.005	0.0166
Park Falls¹⁴	US-PFa	Temp	DB	44	65	0.68	1997	2013	16	9.6 ± 3.7	0.0172	0.1 ± 4.3	0.4820	−12.1 ± 6.2	0.9425	−0.008 ± 0.008	0.5873
Puechabon²	FR-Pue	Temp	EB	66	75	0.88	2001	2013	13	−10.3 ± 6.6	0.9197	−28.4 ± 13.3	0.9502	−18.5 ± 8.7	0.9880	0.114 ± 0.014	0.0108
Renon¹⁵	IT-Ren	Bor	EC	90	75	1.20	1998	2011	13	37.9 ± 5.3	0.0001	51.9 ± 8.7	0.0006	10.2 ± 6.3	0.0636	0.030 ± 0.007	0.1202
Sodankyla¹⁶	FI-Sod	Bor	EC	75	90	0.83	2000	2012	13	−0.2 ± 1.6	0.5000	−2.8 ± 7.1	0.5243	0.6 ± 6.8	0.4757	0.047 ± 0.005	0.1346
Soroe¹⁷	DK-Sor	Temp	DB	78	95	0.82	1997	2009	13	27.3 ± 4.8	0.0004	22.9 ± 8.4	0.0164	−0.2 ± 8.8	0.5000	−0.017 ± 0.007	0.7336
Tharandt¹⁸	DE-Tha	Temp	EC	117	90	1.30	1997	2013	17	−1.2 ± 3.6	0.6446	16.1 ± 8.3	0.0383	20.4 ± 6.7	0.0178	−0.025 ± 0.014	0.6730
UMBS¹⁹	US-UMB	Temp	DB	79	65	1.22	1999	2012	14	5.4 ± 3.1	0.0080	−3.5 ± 5.4	0.7444	−10.4 ± 4.5	0.9373	0.058 ± 0.005	0.0017
Vielsalm²⁰	BE-Vie	Temp	M	83	95	0.87	1996	2008	13	17.0 ± 6.9	0.0062	15.1 ± 6.8	0.0120	−0.3 ± 7.2	0.5243	0.2330

Trends were computed using the robust Theil-Sen slope estimator. P indicates a one-tailed P (H1: trend > 0). Corrected maturity age was calculated by dividing the mean stand age by the logging maturity tree age as described by Stokland et al.⁶⁰ for average productivity classes. Abbreviations: Y, years; TS, Theil-Sen; Clim for Climate; Temp, temperate; Bor, boreal; for, Forest type; M, mixed; E, evergreen; D, deciduous; B, broadleaved; C, coniferous; EC, eddy covariance. Upperscript numbers indicate reference numbers, see additional References in Supplementary Material.

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Table 1 Summary of the main characteristics of the forests and the trends presented by NEP, GPP, Re, and maximum LAI.

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