Table 3 Associations between BMI z-score trajectory subgroups with cardio-metabolic outcomes at 5-years.

From: Body mass index trajectories in the first two years and subsequent childhood cardio-metabolic outcomes: a prospective multi-ethnic Asian cohort study

BMI z-score trajectory

Stable low BMIz

Stable high BMIz

Rapid BMIz gain after 3 months

Cardio-metabolic outcomes

β coefficienta

95% CI

β coefficienta

95% CI

β coefficienta

95% CI

Waist-to-Height Ratiob (n = 864)

−0.02

−0.03, −0.01

0.02

0.01, 0.03

0.03

0.02, 0.04

Sum of skinfoldsb (n = 820)

−0.43

−0.62, −0.24

0.42

0.19, 0.65

0.70

0.36, 1.03

Fat-mass indexb (n = 247)

−0.55

−0.94, −0.15

0.35

−0.06, 0.75

0.97

0.32, 1.63

Lean-mass indexb (n = 247)

−0.68

−1.07, −0.29

0.45

0.05, 0.86

0.62

−0.02, 1.27

Systolic blood pressurec (n = 757)

−2.86

−4.92, −0.80

0.83

−2.75, 4.42

1.49

−0.99, 3.96

Diastolic blood pressurec (n = 757)

−1.61

−3.01, −0.20

−0.91

−3.35, 1.53

0.41

−1.27, 2.10

  1. aβ-coefficient estimates are referenced to the normal BMI z-score trajectory. bAdjusted for maternal income level, ppBMI, height, GWG, parity, GA at delivery, breastfeeding, child ethnicity, sex and exact age at measurement. cAdjusted for maternal income level, ppBMI, height, GWG, parity, GA at delivery, breastfeeding, blood pressure at 26–28 weeks of gestation, child ethnicity, sex and exact age at measurement.
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