Figure 7

The effects of GDF15 promoting angiogenesis in critical sized calvarial defect were studied by microfil perfusing at 12 weeks post-surgery. The vascular network in the GDF15 group appeared more new blood vessels compared to the other five groups (A–E). Inhibiting VEGF could significantly decrease neovascularization in Group B. A significantly larger vascular network area was observed in the GDF15 group (F). The number of blood vessels in the GDF15 group was also higher than in the other groups (G) (P < 0.01).