Figure 4
From: Himalayan glaciers experienced significant mass loss during later phases of little ice age
Mass balance comparisons between the Arctic, subarctic, and Himalayan glaciers. (a) Yearly mass balance time-series. (b) Decadal moving average mass balance time-series. The dashed black rectangle shows the recent period (1970–2010) of decreasing mass balance trend. The gray shaded regions correspond to the years with the lowest TSI during the LIA. The red shaded region highlights the start of strong solar cycles that in later years (since the 1970s) started showing substantial coupling with strong El Niño episodes and rising regional temperatures. The violet line represents the time when the Northern Hemisphere temperatures started experiencing a steep rise due to the cumulative effects of industrialisation. The mass balance data for Sweden are taken from Linderholm et al.45, and those of the Canadian Rockies are from Lewis and Smith46. The Northern Hemisphere temperatures are derived from Mann et al.20 and the mean spring temperature departure time-series for the western Himalaya is taken from Yadav and Singh37.
