Figure 1

TAp63, but not ΔNp63, p53, p73, transcriptionally activates CCDC3. (a–c) qRT-PCR showing that overexpression of TAp63gamma, but not ΔNp63, p53 or p73, could induce CCDC3 in H1299 (a,b) and HUVEC cells (c). (d,f) Schematic representation of two p63 binding sites (BS1 and BS2) and mutated binding sites (BS1-1Mut, BS1-2Mut, BS1-3Mut, BS1-4Mut, BS1-5Mut, BS1-6Mut) at the upstream of the transcriptional initiation site of the CCDC3 gene. H1299 cells were co-transfected with the indicated plasmids and β-Gal plasmid. Forty eight hours after transfections, cells were harvested for luciferase assays. Luciferase activity was normalized against β-Gal expression. Data are presented as means ± S.D., n = 3. (g) ChIP assays after HaCat cells were treated with metformin using the indicated antibodies followed by q-PCR for CCDC3 promoter sequences or negative control sequences (3′-UTR). Data are presented as means ± S.D., n = 3.