Table 1 Characteristics of participants of the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study.

number

1757

831(47.3)

837(47.6)

89(5.1)

Age(years)

63.8 ± 9.2

61.2 ± 8.1

65.2 ± 9.1

75.1 ± 8.5

<0.001

Men

825(46.9)

446(53.7)

348(41.6)

31(34.8)

<0.001

Height(cm)

158.6 ± 8.0

160.3 ± 7.7

157.5 ± 7.8

152.5 ± 8.1

<0.001

Weight(Kg)

62.6 ± 11.0

62.1 ± 9.2

63.6 ± 12.3

58.6 ± 11.5

<0.001

Body mass Index(kg/m2)

24.8 ± 3.6

24.1 ± 2.5

25.6 ± 4.2

25.3 ± 5.0

<0.001

Central obesity

871(49.6)

301(36.2)

513(61.3)

57(64.0)

<0.001

Smoke

0.009

 never

1233(70.2)

568(68.4)

599(71.6)

66(74.2)

 current

307(17.5)

168(20.2)

132(15.8)

7(7.9)

 former

217(12.4)

95(11.4)

106(12.7)

16(18.0)

Alcohol

<0.001

 never

1036(59.0)

445(53.6)

527(63.0)

64(71.9)

 current

578(32.9)

326(39.2)

235(28.1)

17(19.1)

 former

143(8.1)

60(7.2)

75(9.0)

8(9.0)

Lean body mass(kg)

41.7 ± 8.2

43.6 ± 8.3

40.4 ± 7.7

35.8 ± 6.9

<0.001

Appendicular skeletal muscle(kg)

17.9 ± 4.1

19.1 ± 4.1

17.1 ± 3.8

14.7 ± 2.7

<0.001

Appendicular skeletal muscle/height²(kg/m²)

7.0 ± 1.1

7.3 ± 1.1

6.8 ± 1.1

6.2 ± 0.8

<0.001

Appendicular skeletal muscle/BMI(m²)

0.7 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.1

<0.001

Total fat mass(kg)

19.5 ± 7.0

17.2 ± 5.2

20.8 ± 7.9

21.7 ± 7.8

<0.001

Total fat percentage(%)

31.6 ± 8.7

28.4 ± 7.3

34.3 ± 8.9

35.5 ± 9.6

<0.001

Lumbar bone marrow density

1.0 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

<0.001

Hip bone marrow density

0.8 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.1

<0.001

Walking speed(m/s)

1.5 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 0.4

0.9 ± 0.4

<0.001

Handgrip strength(kg)

28.1 ± 9.5

31.8 ± 8.8

25.6 ± 8.8

17.2 ± 5.8

<0.001

Fall

89(5.1)

0(0.0)

70(8.4)

19(21.4)

<0.001

The autonomy assessment scale

−0.2 ± 1.6

0.0 ± 0.3

−0.2 ± 1.5

−1.7 ± 5.4

<0.001

Charlson comorbidity index

1.0 ± 1.3

0.8 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 1.3

1.9 ± 1.5

<0.001