Figure 3
Delphinidin inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation through NFAT and HDAC-dependent pathway. (A) Histograms show the percentage of NFAT activation of cells exposed to either 10−2 g/L of delphinidin (Del), 5 µg/mL PHA or both for 24 and 48 h. (B) Histograms show the percentage of proliferation of cells exposed to HDAC inhibitor (TSA, 100 nM), 5 µg/mL PHA or both for 48 h. (C) Histograms show the percentage of proliferation of cells exposed to either 10−2 g/L of delphinidin (Del), 5 µg/mL PHA or both in presence of 100 nM of TSA for 48 h. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 5). *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001. (D) Representative histograms of flow cytometry showing sub-G1 peak, corresponding to the apoptotic population in propidium iodide (PI)-stained cells. (E) Quantification of sub-G1 peak. (F) Representative traces (left) and histograms (right) showing the effect of 10−2 g/L of delphinidin (Del) alone or after activation by 1 µM thapsigargin (TG) on [Ca2+]i in Ca2+-containing PSS in presence of 100 nM of TSA. (G) Representative traces (left) and histograms (right) showing the effect of 10−2 g/L delphinidin on [Ca2+]i increase induced by 1.25 mM of CaCl2 after depletion of intracellular stores in Ca2+-free PSS by 1 µM TG in presence of 100 nM of TSA. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 5–8). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. **P < 0.01 versus control group, # P < 0.05 versus TG group.
