Figure 1
Effect of diabetes and cinaciguat treatment on cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the plasma and urine, and glomerular cGMP content. (a) Plasma cGMP levels of DM rats were similar to Co and Co-Cin controls, but DM-Cin rats had significantly higher circulating cGMP levels. (b) According to plasma cGMP, urinary cGMP excretion increased significantly in DM-Cin rats, as compared to DM or to both controls. (c) Double immunostaining for synaptopodin (green) and cGMP (red) depicted visible glomerular cGMP content in both Co and Co-Cin kidneys, mainly co-localized with synaptopodin (yellow). Immunoreactivity for cGMP was practically absent in glomeruli of DM rats, but it was restored in DM-Cin kidneys. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 8–10/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test).
