Figure 4

Entrainment velocity on both sides of the SST front. (a) Monthly climatology of the entrainment velocity (m month⁻¹) calculated by Eq. (4) from October to January and its contributing terms in the northern (N) and southern (S) boxes. Here, “wind” (red bar) denotes the wind stirring term (the first term on the right hand side of Eq. (4)), “p.f.” (light blue bar) denotes the radiative penetration flux term (the second term on the right hand side of Eq. (4)), and “s.f” (blue bar) denotes the surface buoyancy flux term (the third term on the right hand side of Eq. (4)). (b) As in (a), but for monthly climatology of entrainment velocity calculated with a constant temperature difference between the mixed layer and the entrained water (ΔT = 1 °C). (c) Monthly climatology of the temperature difference (in °C) between the mixed layer and the entrained water (ΔT) on the northern (blue) and southern (red) sides of the SST front. The figure was prepared with Kaleida Graph 4.0.