Table 1 Metal concentrations in the human olfactory bulb and tract in normal (n = 4) and Parkinson’s disease (PD; n = 4) patients. Values are mean ± SEM, wet weight. LoD: Limit of detection (3 σ^blank); LoQ: Limit of quantification (10 σ^blank).

²³Na Sodium

0.0091

0.0302

2,770.74** ± 123.96

2,567.88** ± 66.99

1,768.34 ± 152.67

1496.32 ± 112.69

⁵⁴Fe Iron

0.0168

0.0560

24.27* ± 2.53

19.49 ± 2.51

16.70 ± 0.41

19.55 ± 1.69

⁶³Cu Copper

0.0001

0.0003

1.59 ± 0.119

1.01 ± 0.205

1.64 ± 0.168

1.29 ± 0.396

³⁹K Potassium

0.0060

0.0199

1,827.89 ± 271.60

1,851.38 ± 224.57

1,534.15 ± 141.87

2,031.56 ± 256.64

⁴³Ca Calcium

0.0342

0.1141

438.44 ± 102.34

476.03 ± 174.13

262.43 ± 140.54

227.87 ± 48.43

²⁴Mg Magnesium

0.0090

0.0301

74.58 ± 4.78

76.43 ± 3.84

60.78 ± 2.41

64.74 ± 3.65

⁶⁸Zn Zinc

0.0008

0.0027

19.04 ± 5.37

40.46 ± 10.60

31.92 ± 9.95

25.62 ± 7.56

⁸⁵Rb Rubidium

0.0000

0.0000

1.455 ± 0.100

1.686 ± 0.180

1.776 ± 0.202

2.301 ± 0.213

⁶⁰Ni Nickel

0.0001

0.0004

0.260 ± 0.102

0.900 ± 0.379

0.536 ± 0.201

0.351 ± 0.141

⁵²Cr Chromium

0.0003

0.0010

0.261 ± 0.020

0.331 ± 0.026

0.2 44 ± 0.023

0.249 ± 0.031

⁵⁵Mn Manganese

0.0001

0.0003

0.179 ± 0.013

0.185 ± 0.015

0.169 ± 0.007

0.147 ± 0.013

²⁰⁷Pb Lead

0.0001

0.0003

0.062 ± 0.025

0.137 ± 0.053

0.096 ± 0.021

0.063 ± 0.033

⁵¹V Vanadium

0.0001

0.0002

0.077 ± 0.005

0.096 ± 0.009

0.077 ± 0.008

0.070 ± 0.010