Table 1 Pertinent parameters of the CO₂/H₂O gas mixture found in the bottlenecks, before (in the corked bottles), and after adiabatic expansion.

Pressure of gas-phase CO₂ in the sealed bottle, \({P}_{{\rm{CB}}}^{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}\) (in bar)

4.7

5.8

7.5

Pressure of water vapor in the sealed bottle, \({P}_{{\rm{CB}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}}\) (in bar)

0.0093

0.0140

0.0233

Temperature reached by the gas mixture in the bottleneck after adiabatic expansion, \({T}_{f}\) (in K)

195.7

191.3

183.2

Pressure of gas-phase CO₂ in the bottleneck after adiabatic expansion, \({P}_{{\rm{vap}}}^{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}\) (in bar)

1

1

1

Pressure of water vapor in the bottleneck after adiabatic expansion, \({P}_{{\rm{vap}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}}\) (in bar)

0.0020

0.0024

0.0031

Saturated vapor pressure of gas-phase CO₂ after adiabatic expansion, \({P}_{{\rm{sat}}}^{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}\) (in bar)

1.09

0.70

0.39

Saturated vapor pressure of ice water after adiabatic expansion, \({P}_{{\rm{sat}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}}\) (in Pa)

0.084

0.034

0.011

Saturation ratio of gas-phase CO₂ after adiabatic expansion, \({S}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}\)

0.92

1.44

2.53

Saturation ratio of water vapor after adiabatic expansion, \({S}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}}\)

2 376

7 023

27 400