Figure 4

Variation of the instantaneous population growth rate reconstructed by Bayesian skyline plot based on D-loop sequences. The populations of three exorheic rivers and Siling Co (a) showed longer expansion history than other endorheic lakes (b). The x-axis is the timescale before present, and the y-axis is the estimated population instantaneous growth rate (per millennium) calculated by the equation r = (Nt2 − Nt1)/ Nt1.