Scientific Reports

Table 1 Summary of capacitance changes for various sensing modes.

From: Stretchable Dual-Capacitor Multi-Sensor for Touch-Curvature-Pressure-Strain Sensing

Sensing mode	Direction	Lower capacitor (C₁)	Upper capacitor (C₂)	∆C₁ vs. ∆C₂
Curvature	convex	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ < ∆C₂
Curvature	concave	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ > ∆C₂
Pressure	upper side	∆C₁ = 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ < ∆C₂
Pressure	lower side	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ = 0	∆C₁ > ∆C₂
Touch	upper side	∆C₁ < 0	∆C₂ < 0	\|∆C₁\| < \|∆C₂\|
Touch	lower side	∆C₁ < 0	∆C₂ < 0	\|∆C₁\| > \|∆C₂\|
Strain	uniaxial	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ = ∆C₂

The relative relations of upper (ΔC ₂) and lower (ΔC ₁) capacitance changes of the two capacitors in dual-capacitor sensor are uniquely distinguishable for curvature, pressure, strain, and touch sensing.

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