Table 3 Effects of AEE on potential biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis in urine.

1

1.16

1.30

C₆H₈O₇

Citric acid

M−H

191.0191

5.23^**

0.73

Citrate cycle

2

4.23

1.58

C₉H₁₇NO₅

Pantothenic acid

M−H

218.1017

0.07^**

0.74

beta-Alanine metabolism

3

6.05

2.88

C₁₂H₁₄O₇

Phenylglucuronide

M−H

269.0654

4.09^**

0.93

4

6.29

2.54

C₆H₆O₄S

Phenol sulphate

M−H

172.9899

2.54^**

0.80^*

5

6.72

5.00

C₉H₉NO₃

Hippuric acid

M−H

178.0494

0.29^**

0.93

Phenylalanine metabolism

6

7.09

2.68

C₈H₇NO₄S

Indoxyl sulfate

M−H

212.0007

0.77

0.81

Tryptophan metabolism

7

7.64

2.92

C₁₀H₁₁NO₃

Phenylacetylglycine

M−H

192.0650

1.26^**

0.88^*

Phenylalanine metabolism

8

8.22

3.75

C₁₃H₁₆O₇

p-Cresol glucuronide

M−H

283.0811

1.40^**

0.88

9

8.68

1.95

C₉H₁₀O₃

Phenyllactic acid

M−H

165.0542

0.25^**

0.98

Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesi

10

9.89

1.09

C₉H₁₆O₄

Azelaic acid

M−H

187.0960

0.38^**

0.61^**

11

1.70

1.40

C₆H₆N₂O

Niacinamide

M+H

123.0555

0.20^**

0.57

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

12

0.88

1.04

C₇H₁₉N₃

Spermidine

M+H

146.1652

0.33^**

0.94

Arginine and proline metabolism

13

1.15

1.35

C₆H₁₁NO₂

Pipecolic acid

M+H

130.0863

0.34

1.67

Lysine degradation

14

1.14

1.08

C₈H₁₇NO₂

DL-2-AC

M+H

160.1331

0.27^**

0.96

15

1.87

1.26

C₆H₁₃NO₂

Leucine

M+H

132.1018

0.30^*

0.71

Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation

16

7.26

1.22

C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆

Riboflavin

M+H

377.1467

0.68^**

0.51^**

Vitamin digestion and absorption

17

8.74

1.21

C₅H₉NO₃S

Acetylcysteine

M+H

164.0376

2.82^**

0.86