Table 3 Effect modification by age of randomization in the assessment of the effect of neonatal BCG at birth on T and B cel subsets. 

From: Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on T and B lymphocyte subsets: Results from a clinical randomized trial

 

0–1 days GMa

2–7 days GM

0–1 days GMRb (95% CI)

2–7 days GMR (95% CI)

p valuec

BCG

No BCG

BCG

No BCG

BCG vs no BCG

BCG vs no BCG

Cell subsets (%)

4 days

 

26d

35

19

20

     

  Tregs

9.1

7.5

7.5

8.9

1.22

(1.03–1.43)

0.84

(0.68–1.03)

0.007

  TH 17 cells

0.6

0.6

0.9

0.6

1.01

(0.73–1.40)

1.42

(0.95–2.11)

0.19

  TC 17 cells

1.5

1.8

1.7

1.6

0.85

(0.63–1.15)

1.08

(0.74–1.55)

0.33

  CD19 + CD24high + CD38high

77

60

76

81

1.02

(0.98–1.06)

0.94

(0.89–0.99)

0.02

 

3 months

 

29

33

22

16

     

  Tregs

7.5

7.0

7.0

7.8

1.06

(0.96–1.18)

0.90

(0.79–1.02)

0.04

  TH 17 cells

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.2

1.02

(0.84–1.24)

1.40

(1.11–1.79)

0.04

  TC 17 cells

0.9

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.80

(0.61–1.05)

1.17

(0.84–1.63)

0.9

  CD19 + CD24high + CD38high

35

36

34

34

0.97

(0.81–1.15)

1.00

(0.81–1.23)

0.83

 

13 months

 

29

34

22

15

     

  Tregs

7.9

7.2

7.5

8.2

1.10

(1.00–1.22)

0.91

(0.80–1.04)

0.02

  TH 17 cells

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.1

1.05

(0.87–1.26)

1.15

(0.89–1.47)

0.56

  TC 17 cells

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

1.00

(0.76–1.33)

1.15

(0.80–1.69)

0.54

  CD19 + CD24high + CD38high

20

18

18

19

1.11

(0.95–1.30)

0.95

(0.77–1.17)

0.24

  1. The cell substes (given as proportions) included are cells affecting immune regulation (T regulatory cells (Tregs), TH 17 cells, TC 17 cells, and B cells with the phenotype of CD19 + CD24high + CD38high) stratified by “age of randomization”.
  2. aGeometric mean.
  3. bGeometric mean ratio.
  4. cp value for interaction.
  5. dn number (%).