Figure 2

(a) Bipolar I-V resistive switching characteristics having CCs from 0.1 to 100 µA and (b) device-to-device cumulative probability plot at a CC of 100 µA. (c) Consecutive > 1000 dc I-V cycles. (d) The P/E endurance of >106 cycles at a low operation current of 100 nA and a small P/E pulse width of 100 ns is applied.