Figure 1

Impact velocities. (a) Impact velocity Δ(St 1, St 2) as a function of Stokes numbers of approaching particles in 2D. Representative plots of Δ as a function of (b) St for same-sized particles (c) St 2 for \(St=0.005\ll 1\) and for tracers in 3D, and (d) \(St=12.5\gg 1\) in 2D and for \(St=20\gg 1\) in 3D (inset). The blue solid curves (and black solid curve in (b)) are our theoretical predictions and the symbols are data from our simulations in 2D and 3D (inset). The error bars on our numerical data are comparable to the symbol size.