Table 3 Fecal organic acids and pH at 0, 8 and 16 weeks in diabetic patients with and without probiotic administration.

Total organic acids

96.1 ± 42.7

(100.0)

112.7 ± 37.3

(100.0)

91.2 ± 36.5

(100.0)

98.2 ± 36.8^$

(100.0)

107.1 ± 47.5

(100.0)

102.2 ± 33.7^$

(100.0)

Acetic acid

57.4 ± 26.9

(100.0)

66.2 ± 23.7

(100.0)

52.9 ± 22.0

(100.0)

58.2 ± 22.3

(100.0)

59.2 ± 24.8

(100.0)

57.0 ± 21.6^$

(100.0)

Propionic acid

21.0 ± 11.6

(100.0)

23.1 ± 9.4

(100.0)

19.4 ± 9.4

(100.0)

21.0 ± 10.3

(100.0)

23.6 ± 13.2

(100.0)

21.9 ± 9.1

(100.0)

Butyric acid

12.6 ± 7.6

(85.3)

16.7 ± 9.2*

(100.0)

12.2 ± 7.6

(91.2)

12.5 ± 8.2^$$

(97.1)

14.9 ± 10.4

(100.0)

14.2 ± 9.0^$

(100.0)

Isovaleric acid

4.1 ± 3.6

(55.9)

3.3 ± 1.9

(70.6)

3.5 ± 2.9

(73.5)

3.3 ± 1.8

(67.6)

4.8 ± 3.5

(70.6)

3.5 ± 2.1

(70.6)

Valeric acid

3.3 ± 2.3

(50.0)

2.9 ± 1.2

(64.7)

2.8 ± 1.7

(67.6)

2.1 ± 1.1^$$

(76.5)

4.3 ± 3.8

(70.6)

2.9 ± 1.5

(70.6)

Succinic acid

2.9 ± 6.6

(61.8)

2.4 ± 4.2

(70.6)

2.8 ± 5.5

(67.6)

3.4 ± 10.0^$$

(61.8)

2.9 ± 5.1

(50.0)

4.8 ± 14.7

(76.5)*

Formic acid

1.6 ± 1.5

(64.7)

1.1 ± 0.6

(73.5)

1.6 ± 2.2

(76.5)

1.2 ± 0.9

(79.4)

1.8 ± 2.2

(76.5)

1.0 ± 0.6

(73.5)

Lactic acid

1.5 ± 0.8

(14.7)

4.2

(2.9)

1.1 ± 0.8

(11.8)

0.6 ± 1.1

(8.8)

1.2 ± 0.8

(17.6)

0.9 ± 0.5

(20.6)

pH

6.5 ± 0.6

(100.0)

6.4 ± 0.6

(100.0)

6.7 ± 0.6

(100.0)

6.7 ± 0.6^$$

(100.0)

6.6 ± 0.5

(100.0)

6.7 ± 0.5^$$

(100.0)