Figure 6
From: Associative visual learning by tethered bees in a controlled visual environment
Acquisition performance (percentage of bees choosing the stimulus alternatives offered) during the 12 conditioning trials (6 for each alternative) at the spherical treadmill [Experiment 2]. (a) CS group (n = 32); this group received only visual stimulation without reinforcement (see inset) so that performance is represented in terms of bees choosing the CS1 (red curve) and the CS2 (black curve), which were presented in a succession matching that of the paired group. (b) US group (n = 32); this group did not receive visual stimulations (see inset) so that it is not possible to represent performance in terms of a CS response. The graph shows, therefore, the responses occurring in the interval of time prior to US delivery (red curve: responses to a ‘theoretical CS+’, prior to sucrose delivery; black curve: responses to a ‘theoretical CS−’, prior to quinine delivery). Reinforcement succession was matched to that of the paired group. (c) Entire paired group (n = 38) and (d) Learners of the paired group (n = 22); red curve: choice of the CS+ (paired with sucrose solution); black curve: choice of the CS− (paired with quinine solution). For all four groups, the 95% confidence interval is shown (dashed lines; in pink for the CS+, CS1 or theoretical CS+ curve, and in grey for the CS−, CS2 or theoretical CS− curve). No group showed significant discrimination between alternative stimuli.
