Table 2 Characteristics of analysed study population.
Boys | Girls | Total | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 181) | (n = 193) | (n = 374) | Girls vs. Boys | |
Child’s birth weight (kg) | 3.3 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.3) | 0.01 |
Length of gestation (weeks) | 39.9 (1.2) | 39.8 (1.2) | 39.8 (1.2) | 0.77 |
Child formula vs. Breastfed (n(%)) | 125 (69.1%) | 121 (62.7%) | 246 (65.8%) | 0.20 |
Maternal age at delivery (years) | 32.5 (4.2) | 31.6 (4.1) | 32.1 (4.1) | 0.05 |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²) | 23.9 (4.1) | 23.2 (4.0) | 23.5 (4.1) | 0.15 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (n(%)) | 38 (21.0%) | 37 (19.2%) | 75 (20.1%) | 0.66 |
Low parental education (n(%)) | 25 (13.8%) | 12 (6.2%) | 37 (9.9%) | 0.02 |
Medium parental education (n(%)) | 95 (52.5%) | 105 (54.4%) | 200 (53.5%) | 0.75 |
High parental education (n(%)) | 61 (33.7%) | 76 (39.4%) | 137 (36.6%) | 0.24 |
Belgium (n(%)) | 23 (12.7%) | 42 (21.8%) | 65 (17.4%) | 0.02 |
Germany (n(%)) | 12 (6.6%) | 18 (9.3%) | 30 (8.0%) | 0.34 |
Italy (n(%)) | 79 (43.6%) | 64 (33.2%) | 143 (38.2%) | 0.04 |
Spain (n(%)) | 67 (37.0%) | 69 (35.8%) | 136 (36.4%) | 0.80 |
Child’s age at blood draw (months) | 66.3 (0.9) | 66.5 (0.8) | 66.4 (0.8) | 0.05 |
BMI (Kg/m²) | 16.0 (2.1) | 15.9 (1.6) | 15.9 (1.9) | 0.42 |
BMI (WHO-zscore) | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.3 (1.1) | 0.33 |
Fat mass (kg) | 4.3 (1.7) | 4.6 (1.3) | 4.5 (1.5) | 0.02 |
Fat mass index (kg/m²) | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.4 (1.0) | 0.01 |
Fat free mass (kg) | 16.5 (2.0) | 15.9 (2.0) | 16.2 (2.1) | 0.01 |
Fat free mass index (kg/m²) | 12.7 (1.1) | 12.3 (0.9) | 12.5 (1.0) | <0.01 |
