Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Identification and characterization of a putative protein disulfide isomerase (HsPDI) as an alleged effector of Heterodera schachtii

Figure 4

Ultrastructure of nematode-induced syncytia. Transmission electron microscopy images of cross sections of syncytia at 5 (A,B,E,F) and 10 DAI (C,D,G,H) induced in Arabidopsis Col-0 roots upon infection with J2s treated with HsPdi dsRNA (A–D) or GFP dsRNA (E–H). Asterisks indicate organelle-free regions in syncytial cytoplasm, arrow-heads point to dilated cisternae at the interface of organelle-free region and regular syncytial cytoplasm. Abbreviations: CW, cell wall; cER, cisternal endoplasmic reticulum; tER, tubular endoplasmic reticulum; Ne, necrosis; Nu, nucleus; Ph, phloem; Pl, plastid; S, syncytium; V, vacuole/vesicle. Bars: 5 µm (A,C,E,G) and 2 µm (B,D,F,H).

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